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Profit maximization of shareholder wealth as goal is superior to profit maximization because? profit maximization of shareholder wealth as goal is superior to profit maximization because a.it consider uncertainty b.both A and C c.following the goal shareholder wealth maximization will ensure high stock prices d.It consider the time value of the money

Book value & market value finance question? Superior Medical System's 2005 balance sheet showed total common equity of $1,800,000. The company had 110,000 shares of stock outstanding which sold at a price of $54 per share. By how much did the firm's market value and book value per share differ? Select the correct answer. $37.82 $37.76 $37.70 $37.64 $37.58

Feminism is a Monster wearing a Human mask? The stock definition by feminists is that "a feminist is someone who believes in equal rights and does not judge someone’s gender to be superior over another. A non-feminist is someone who aligns herself with traditional values of superiority of males over females" But isn't that sanctimonious and hypocritical twaddle? My belief is that in reality feminism is a monster wearing a human mask. That if you peel away that mask what you find is naked hate and hypocrisy.

Bailout vote: Is this alternative superior in its fairness? ? http://www.samjohnson.house.gov/UploadedFiles/RSC%20Version%20Economic%20Rescue%20Alternative%209-29-08.doc ECONOMIC RESCUE ALTERNATIVE PLAN September 29, 2008 We believe that policymakers must act decisively and correctly. We believe that we can help Wall Street “workout” of this crisis, not force the taxpayers into a “bailout.” We believe that voluntary private capital, not involuntary taxpayer capital, will help the system recover. A Work-Out—Not a Bail-Out Stabilizing Financial Markets: Require the Treasury Department to guarantee losses up to 100%, resulting from the failure of timely payment and interest from mortgage-backed securities (MBS) originated prior to the date of enactment. Such insurance would provide immediate value to the MBS and a foundation for which they could then be sold. Risk-Based Premiums: Direct the Treasury Department to assess a premium on outstanding MBS to finance this insurance. Participation in the program would be mandatory for all holders of such MBS in order to guard against adverse selection where only the holders of troubled assets participate. A risk-based premium would be assessed on those with troubled MBS. The premium would expire when the Treasury Secretary determines the fund has sufficient resources to meet any projected losses. Private-Capital Off the Sidelines by Empowering Private Investors Net Operating Losses: Allow companies to carry-back losses arising in tax years ending in 2007, 2008, or 2009 back 5 years, generating a tax refund and immediate capital. Despite the presence of willing buyers, many firms with MBS are not willing to sell at such a huge loss. Such a carry-back provides a cushion for any such loss, making firms more willing sellers. Repatriation Infusion: Allow a repatriation window for profits earned by U.S. firms overseas. Such repatriation amounts would be taxed at 0% if invested in distressed debt (as defined by Treasury) for at least one year. Bank Losses on GSE Stock: Allow banks to treat losses on shares of preferred stock in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as ordinary losses, not as capital losses. Two-Year Suspension of the Capital Gains: Immediately suspend the capital gains rate from 15% for individuals and 35% for corporations. By encouraging corporations to sell unwanted assets, this provision would unleash funds and materials with which to create jobs and grow the economy. After the two-year suspension, capital gains rates would return to present levels but assets would be indexed permanently for any inflationary gains.

how to deal w such a superior? I work in a retail line , n was a 2nd-in-charge in store A. Due to a AWOL branch-in-charge(BIC) in another store(B), i was being sent over to store B to help out, at the same time was still under store A. Being worried that i would be transfer to store B as time pass by, I've voice out that i dun mind to continue help out without any extra allowance as long as no need to be transfer to store B. BUT ended up i;m stuck there for 5 months n unfortunately during this period of time, there's a resuffle of Area Manager in the company. So another Area Manager take over store B. then i told him i rejected to be a BIC as I have not get a good training to be a BIC yet.(job scope n responsibility is diff). will be v stress. unless they train me up, i would be fine to be a BIC. BUT again ended up without my agree, i just received a letter stated i will be a BIC. but from then on, my working performmance as a BIC post isn't good. I've no choice so I requested my new AM that i wan a training first. it was agreed my him n he promised that i can be back to my own store after the training YET yet ended up i noticed it was a transfer to that branch... n told the branch in-charge to give me a chance n teach me...!!! i was so angry.! anyway, b4 this, i tender to him n served him one month noticed. last day was 19th Nov. But nv notice he came bk to me on my last day to stop me from resigning n ask me to help him till mth-end as he is having 10 stores stock take. but i rejected. however, as he did not arrange another ppl to store B, i went back on the next day due to need to count money n cisco would be coming to collect.. i feel bad or may say feel worried to that store... now that finally got a BIC take over, i told him ytd would be my last day. I was shocked n Surprise that he replied me "no, u do not do what u want. u have been given sufficient opportunties but u failed to value it, u have failed in your duty!" He put my working performance as UNSATISFACTORY and blacklist me..... Now i feel angry n not happy about it. I wish to fight back.....

Sell Qantas shares now to airlineparternsaustralia, or hope for improvement in price after takeover ? Question : Sell Qantas shares as suggested for AU$ 5.60, or hope for improvement in value ? Takeover to prevent Qantas share price drop: report An independent report has warned the Qantas share price is likely to fall if shareholders do not accept a takeover proposal from Airline Partners Australia. The Qantas Board formally announced the $5.60 per share offer by Airline Partners Australia to its shareholders in December. Independent expert Grant Samuel and Associates has since reviewed the bid and deemed it to be fair and reasonable. The report says the Qantas share price is likely to drop by about $1 to the pre-bid price of $4.20 if the offer is not accepted and no superior proposal emerges. The Qantas Board has recommended its shareholders accept the offer. In a statement issued to the Australian Stock Exchange, Qantas chairman Margaret Jackson says the offer represents very good value for shareholders. Several Coalition MPs have expressed concerns ...

Help preparing journal entries for accounting.? Prepare journal entries for any recordable transactions (including adjusting entries) for the following transactions. Transaction #DateDescription 11/5/10Employees receive checks for December 2009 work (See salaries payable on TB Tab). 21/18/10Corporation issues 100,000 shares of $1 par value common stock at $2.50 per share . 32/10/10Received $50,000 cash for service revenue related to 2009. 43/1/10Paid $1,800 for a one-year insurance policy that will expire next year on 2/28/2011. 56/1/10Issued a 12-month, 6%, $50,000 note payable to Monarch Bank (principal & interest due at maturity date). 610/1/10Purchased office equipment by paying $12,000 cash to Superior Equipment Sales Co. 710/1/10Performed services and prepared invoice for XYZ Company in the amount of $150,000. 810/5/10Purchased supplies on account from for $4,000. 910/7/10Declared and paid a $15,000 dividend. 1010/10/10Received payment in full from XYZ Company. 1111/4/10Performed services for $200,000 cash. 1212/2/10Received a $3,500 cash advance from Mayne Corp, a client, for services that are expected to be completed by 1/31/2011. 1312/12/10Performed services and prepared invoice for $55,000 (payment to be received in Jan 2011). 1412/31/10Counted supplies, noting $1,800 in supplies on hand. 151/1 - 12/31/2010Employees earn $25,000/ month in salary. Paychecks are paid monthly on the 5th of the following month. (Show with one journal entry) 161/1 - 12/31/2010On the 1st of each month, ABC paid its office rent in cash, $1,500. (Show with one journal entry) 1712/31/10Credit Manager estimates that 10% of A/R will be uncollectible. Assumptions ABC pays income taxes at a rate of 40%. Useful life for office equipment is 12 years. Depreciation method is straight-line. Thank you so much for your help!

Why does the American right deify Winston Churchill, an adamant fascist and imperialist? Churchill on Mussolini and fascism: “I could not help being charmed, like so many other people have been, by Signor Mussolini’s gentle and simple bearing and by his calm, detached poise in spite of so many burdens and dangers. Secondly, anyone could see that he thought of nothing but the lasting good, as he understood it, of the Italian people, and that no lesser interest was of the slightest consequence to him. If I had been an Italian I am sure that I should have been whole-heartedly with you from the start to finish in your triumphant struggle against the bestial appetites and passions of Leninism. I will, however, say a word on an international aspect of fascism. Externally, your movement has rendered service to the whole world. The great fear which has always beset every democratic leader or a working class leader has been that of being undermined by someone more extreme than he. Italy has shown that there is a way of fighting the subversive forces which can rally the masses of the people, properly led, to value and wish to defend the honour and stability of civilised society." Churchill the racist: "I do not admit that a great wrong has been done to the Red Indians of America, or the black people of Australia by the fact that a stronger race, a higher grade race has come in and taken its place" - to the Palestine Royal Commission, 1937 Churchill on Hitler, circa 1937: "One may dislike Hitler's system and yet admire his patriotic achievements. If our country were defeated, I hope we should find a champion as admirable to restore our courage and lead us back to our place among the nations" Churchill tacitly advocating genocide against the "undesireables": "The unnatural and increasingly rapid growth of the feeble minded and insane classes, coupled as it is with a steady restriction among all the thrifty, energetic and superior stocks, constitutes a national and race danger which it is impossible to exaggerate...I feel that the source from which the stream of madness is fed should be cut off and sealed up before another year has passed" Does not their worship of outright fascists like Churchill and his ignorant lap-dog, Harry S. Truman, enlighten us as to their true beliefs? iceman, That's only because Hitler disobeyed the British financiers who put him into power, and instead went west, rather than initially attacking the Soviet Union, as he was supposed to. smeblee, I am not apologizing for Islam. I think all religions are more or less equally idiotic.

Help! Help!!! a little help for Economics anyone? ok ppl please help me with my Economics. i am totally lost and dont know what to do. I wrote some questions down, please help! 1. Who is in charge of collecting the Federal Income Tax? 2. Where do stocks analysts find the value of a stock? 3. Explain the difference between the value-added tax and the flat tax. 4. Explain the difference between a progressive tax and a recessive tax, which is superior? 5. how does the market theory of wage determination work? 6. what happens to public credit markets when government borrows too much money? 7. What are the different levels of labor? 8. where does the budget process of the federal government begin? 9. What are the pro's and con's of mutual funds for the small investor? 10. What is the ability-to-pay principle of taxation?

What do you think of my college essay? Specific advice as well as general commentary is helpful.? Prompt: Our students are widely known to possess a sense of intellectual vitality. Tell us about an idea or an experience you have had that you find intellectually engaging. I was first introduced to the stock market by my father. He liked to talk to me about how his portfolio was doing; even though I understood little of what he said. At the time, (I must have been in 6th or 7th grade) the stock market failed to capture my interest. I didn’t understand what made the market work, or even why it was needed. For some time, I was perfectly content to live in ignorance. Early in my freshmen year, I overheard some students at my high school talking about how they were going to make a fortune by trading in stocks. They used several terms I didn’t know, and I went home that day determined to expand my knowledge on the subject. My first resource on the stock market was the internet. After a few days of research, I had a rudimentary grasp on the principles behind the stock market. I learned that price was dependent on how highly investors value a company. I learned about initial public offerings, and why stocks existed in the first place. Most importantly, I realized that the stock market could be beaten by using superior logic. It wasn’t long after I discovered the stock market that I decided to try my hand at it. One of the sites that I had gotten information from also happened to have a fantasy stock market game. I joined, and bought my initial portfolio; which consisted of three familiar companies. The next day, I rushed home after school to see how I did—all three stocks were up. All I could think about was that I had been right three times out of three. My exuberance was short lived. By about a month into the simulation (and many trades later) I was down substantially. To me, being down in the simulation only meant that I had to learn more before I could win. I began reading books on the market and started following it every day. Now, in my senior year, I am up over 90% in the simulation. The stock market has become one of my favorite concepts to think, read, and theorize about.

Entertainment Law Question #10? Tell me what you think about this hypothetical situation. See added details for rest of question: In January, a couple of years ago, Eddie Executive was hired as President of Reckless Records, a California company. When Eddie Executive took the job of President at Reckless, the company was almost bankrupt. He was given only $1 a year salary, but also 10% of the company's pre-tax earnings as calculated for federal income tax purposes. He turned the company around immediately and pre-tax earnings for that year were $20 million. Thus, Eddie made total compensation of $2 million and a dollar. Because of his success, he gets an offer from Platinum Records to become their President at $5 million a year plus stock options having tens of millions of possible value. Executive accepts the offer to start on the job a full year before his contract with Reckless expires. Reckless, of course, sues Executive in California Superior Court seeking an injunction preventing him from working for any..... ...other record company "unless and until Executive has rendered services to Reckless as its President for one additonal year". The basis for this request is a clause in the contract that provides, "If Executive fails to perform services as President of Reckless for any period of time during the 2-year term of this contract, the duration of this contract shall be extended for a period of time equal to the period of time for which he fails to perform". If Executive refuses to serve as President of Reckless ever again, is it likely the court will issue an injunction against him, and if so, how long could such an injunction last?

finance mcq question.? 1.An example of a primary market transaction involving a money market security is: a. A new issue of a security with a very short maturity b. A new issue of a security with a very long maturity c. The transfer of a previously-issued security with a very short maturity d. The transfer of a previously-issued security with a very long maturity 2.Byron, Inc. has total current assets of $800,000; total current liabilities of $450,000; long-term assets of $300,000; and long-term debt of $200,000. How much is the firm's total equity? a. $1,150,000 b. $ 150,000 c. $ 450,000 d. $ 750,000 3.Maximization of shareholder wealth as a goal is superior to profit maximization because: a. it considers the time value of the money b. it considers the time value of money and factors in uncertainty c. it ensures high stock prices d. it considers social benefits

intangible asset questions? 1.Which of the following would not be subject to amortization? a.Goodwill b.Patent c.Copyright d.Trademark +2.Mitchell Inc. developed a product, spending $4,900,000 in research to do so. Mitchell applied for and received a patent for the product in January, spending $34,800 in legal and filing fees. The patent is valid for seventeen years. What would be the book value of the patent at the end of Year 1? a.$4,644,518 b.$34,800 c.$32,753 d.$4,611,765 +3.Kremlin Company pays $2,900,000 for the common stock of Reticular Corporation. Reticular has assets on the balance sheet with a book value of $1,500,000 and a fair value of $2,500,000. What is goodwill in this purchase? a.$1,400,000 b.$1,000,000 c.$400,000 d.$0 +4.What is the present value of receiving $4,800,000 at the end of six years assuming an interest rate of 5 percent? a.$3,581,834 b.$6,432,459 c.$5,040,000 d.$4,571,429 +5.Which of the following concerning the research and development costs is true? a.According to U.S. GAAP, research and development costs must be expensed as incurred. b.Current U.S. GAAP reporting for research and development costs violates the matching principle. c.International Financial Reporting Standards allow some development costs to be capitalized. d.U.S. GAAP reporting for research and development costs is superior to international reporting. +6.Krypton Corporation offers Earth Company $800,000 for a patent held by Earth Company. The patent is currently on Earth Company’s books in the amount of $14,000, the legal costs of registering the patent in the first place. Krypton had appraisers examine the patent before making an offer to purchase it, and the experts determined that it could be worth anywhere from $459,000 to $1,090,000. If the purchase falls through, at what amount should Earth Company now report the patent? a.$80,000 b.$14,000 c.$459,000 d.$1,090,000 +7.What is the present value of receiving $15,000 per year for the next six years at an interest rate of 7 percent, assuming payments are made at the beginning of the period (annuity due)? a.$76,503 b.$90,000 c.$59,971 d.$9,995 ----- My answers: 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A

Help please!!... Multiple choice? Superior Medical System's 2005 balance sheet showed total common equity of $2,050,000. The company had 100,000 shares of stock outstanding which sold at a price of $57.25 per share. By how much did the firm's market value and book value per share differ? $36.75 $38.25 $39.50 $40.25 $51.00

Harassment at work, valid evidence in court.? I've been with this company for nearly two years part time, been working mostly in the kitchen. Their is two people out of a team of around 15 that i really don't get along with. This is purely from their side and have nothing personal against them. I just ask they treat me with respect however, this is obviously not the case. The company is a big chain, with hundreds of outlets. So their is certainly a lot of pressure being forced down due to the size of the business. The two that are harassing me, are both superiors. Over the two years, i have had various incidents including verbal abuse along the lines of "what school did you go to, a special school?" being called an idiot etc. I've also had stuff thrown at me, not actually hitting me but an item being thrown towards me in most definitely my direction at force and most recently "being called an idiot in an official document" along with a list of comments against me that are very un-constructional and the funny thing is, the majority of them are what he has told me to do or other superior (being the second one). This company branch, regularly changes the dates on items such as meat, cheese and fish products. This is something i am told to do by a superior, and when working on my own, i certainly do feel that i have to do it, in order to keep my job. < certainly something i am unhappy about doing, and wouldn't eat those products at work as meat that is constantly re-dated for 4 or so days after the use by date! Is something i wouldn't want to eat, or actually give to customers. When asking a manager about the comments in the book, i was told it was a knock down effect as the superior to me certainly has a lot of pressure on his back and on behalf of me, others have made compaints to the branch manager against the guy in question, however he will not be sacked due to his gifted ability of stock management o.0. I feel that this has certainly gone too far, making rude arrogant comments in an official book along with un-constructional comments. As well as this he made a note about not keeping out of date food, funny this is as i am only doing what he does every day o.0. So i have decided, to possible sue under the discrimination at work act and believe that evidence permitting, i would have a case. So what evidence would be accountable in court? Thank you P.S I'm still in two minds if i should go ahead with this, i do value my job and certainly enjoy it. I just wish i was treated with more respect, and felt like i was valued by those above me which certainly at this current moment in time, i do not. I do clearly state, i may not be the best and certainly do make mistakes. It's just the attitude within the work place that i do not enjoy, and does certainly put me off from work and dread every shift. Also to note, i never signed a employment contract (been their two years) and supposed to sign it within six weeks. I am worried about mentioning this, as could easily be an excuse to get rid of me. However i do believe it is only these two that wish to remove me, however they have given a bad impression to all my colleagues about my work ability and thus feel that i am negatively in visioned. Thanks

2 Finance Question's...Please Help!!? 1) Superior Medical System's 2005 balance sheets showed total common equity of $2,050,000. The company had 100,000 shares of stock outstanding which sold at a price of $57.25 per share. By how much did the firm's market value and book value per share differ? #2) Madison Metals recently reported $9,000 of sales, $6,000 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1,500 of depreciation. The company had no amortization charges and no non-operating income. It had issued $4,000 of bonds that carry a 7% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 40%. What was the firm's taxable, or pre-tax income? I am a bit confused on these 2 questions. Can someone please help me out on these and explain how it is or was done??? Thanks everyone! I appreciate it.

My sister and her husband are pushing themselves away from the family, what can I do, if anything? I come from a large family, I know we are not perfect and I also know that the things I write down may be written differently if my sister and her husband were to write them down, but all I can do is be honest and truthful with what I'm trying to say. I believe this whole situation started when my brother-in-law asked my parents for money when times were starting to get rough for them (he is a contractor and owns a small company). My parents had lost a lot of money from the stock market and unfortunately were unable to give them anything, however, if what they needed could be purchased on a credit card my mother was there to help. Prior to this situation my parents paid for my brother-in-law to fix our two bathrooms and unfortunately he didn't do a very good job (he would play video games when he was over, he would get offended if they asked if he would complete the job and one of the bathrooms we were unable to use at all after the renovation due to issues with the shower). After my parents gave him the money for the bathrooms (which I do realize they made a mistake with letting things get out of hand) my sister and brother-in-law decided to put granite in their kitchen, which is always a little bit ridiculous because they are putting money into a place where there value has dropped by more then half. On top of this they were pregnant with their first child. After the incident with my brother-in-law asking for money they started to not come around as much. When they did come around he started to act like a total jerk, whether it was by cursing my parents out and making them look like idiots or by telling my sister that they needed to go, and storming out of the house. A year or so later, and another child welcomed into the world, my brother-in-law and sister continued to pick fights with everyone. Whether it be that we were calling her husband "controlling" (because he doesn't want her to work, although they need the money and health insurance) or trying to help with bringing grocery items and hygiene products over (which he would make a snide remark and say "what the fuck is this shit"). Nothing our side of the family did would make things better, because it was our family and no matter what he would feel superior. Now I am going to fast forward a little and begin to talk about where things really took a major turn for the worse. My grandfather had passed and one of my siblings was going to a lot of major medical and drug issues, it was hard for every one and especially hard for my mom. The whole family got together for the funeral and my sister and her husband had their kids over my parents house. The kids were playing together with their cousins and my oldest sister was in the room with them. The one child of my sister and husband (whom I am discussing this about) acting a little out of hand and threw a bottle at his cousin. My oldest sister tossed the bottle at him (I think that was stupid because she is an adult) to teach him a lesson. My brother-in-law got pissed and got his kids and left with my sister. No one apologized at the time for anything. A few days later my oldest sister was around and the "F" word slipped out of her mouth and my brother-in-law and sister (although they freely curse in front of their kids) had a conniption fit. They were pissed at my oldest sister and said no one is aloud to discipline their children besides them. My sister got really upset told my mom to tell my oldest sister to apologize (while the issues between my one sibling with the medical and drug problems were fresh and when her father (my grandfather) just passed. My mother told my sister to handle it and my sister told her she was being a terrible parent by not telling my sister to apologize (my oldest sister did call her and apologize a month later). However, to this day my sister will not talk to my family. Her and her husband think that we have no idea what we are talking about and we are unable to say anything to them that they do not agree with and if that happens to be the case, they change their phone number. I just don't know what to do, I feel as if they are crazy. We've tried but they want nothing to do with us. I don't understand what the issue is. Things have gotten so far gone that I don't know how this could ever be fixed. They do not listen to anything we have to say (well the few of us who are graced to have their number) and they get offended if you state a fact. Because according to my brother-in-law he is the perfect husband, the perfect father, and the perfect son-in-law and anyone would be blessed to have him in their lives. Please help. What am I to do?

This is History Presentation and some of these information are not in order of events? This is History Presentation and some of these information are not in order of events? can u please sequence these events in order. correct any grammatical errros. Dien bien had its strategic significance , only 11 km from Laotian border, 700 m above sea level , covering an area of around 200 km square and its been believed that it was a place where china, laos and Burma had been transporting weapons and other military equipment. The main reason why they both fought at Dien Bien Phu was that it was located on a narrow valley, and was bordered with Laos , which was a short distance from the French’s supply lines, based around HanoiIn. There was air- ground base protection, to prevent Viet Minh from intruding. More importantly, the Valley near Dien Bien Phu had large rice production which improved the supplements of food for Viet Minh , not only this but also produced large stocks of opium, which the Viet Minh sold to exchange for weapons and ammunition; moreover it had very high economic value.. Between 20 and 22 November 1953, the French sent six paratroops battalions to take Dien Bien Phu. During 1954, Viet minh and the French had been fighting each other for seven years. They figured if we occupy Dien Bien Phu we can then reduce the infiltration china posses and control what comes and goes out of Dien Bien Phu. The French figured interdicting the Viet minh‘s supplements, then their strength will debilitate. In World War II japan made airstrip. The French had been fighting in indo-china in order to control Vietnam and It required a lot of assistance from the west, inclusion of American financial aid. In spite of American financial aid, the French became more inclined to surrender their position due to constant guerrilla warfare. By now the French’s defeat in Indochina was inevitable. Successfully, they managed to win the battle, losing 40 French soldiers . as the battle continued in other areas, the French increased the number of men in Dien Bien Phu to 10 000 adding 5000 in reserve. The French had increased the intensity of the battle to inflict more damage on the Viet Minh. There were many mistakes that the French could never have foreseen; one was 20,000 strong assembled forces which later defeated the French forces. Navarre , the French commander believed that their aeroplanes and sophisticated tanks and artillery would destroy the Viet minh forces; Knowing that he had superior weapons and military intelligence, he used the French forces as bait for the Viet Minh; moreover, he encouraged the Viet Minh to attack his troops. Viet Minh commander began to increase the number of men. March 13 1954, there was a huge artillery barrage launched by Giap, during this time, Viet Minh troops pushed ahead and attacked other French fire bases. There were constant distribution of artilleries at French‘s bases, and that compelled them to use their basic weapons such as their rifle gun and grenades and instead of utilising planes and their superior artillery. They felt compelled to use rifle because their aeroplane and artillery could not locate camouflaged guns. The rebels used hit and run manoeuvre, which led the French into confusion. The Viet Minh guns were firing constantly, because they attempted to destroy the airstrip, in order to interdict the reinforcement and supplement. Navarre, the French commander deployed troops into Dien Bien Phu , Giap perceived that this was the place to stand. On other hand, their presence around the mountains, gave the Viet Minh forces to exploit the opportunity of installing their cannon and an entrance for food and equipment. Giap waited for enough strength to defeat the French. He collected forces and munitions, which were able to carry out decisive attack. Viet Minh had 50,000, including 33 infantry battalions, 6 artillery regiments and 1 regiment of engineers. 20,000 working on supply trails leading to the valley. French: 13,000, half of whom were inexperienced in combat . Despite the deteriorating situation French paratroopers still volunteered to jump into Dien Bien Phu to assist with its defence. "All around our positions, the enemy had created a network of camouflaged paths which permitted the (unhindered) transport of ammunition ... to the vicinity of the batteries. We knew that a large number of artillery and antiaircraft gun emplacements had been prepared, but their camouflage had been so perfect that only a small number of them had been located prior to the beginning of the attack ... This way of using the artillery and AA guns was possible only with the "human ant hill" at the disposal of the Vietminh and was to make shambles of all the estimates of our own artillerymen. It was the major surprise of the battle. On 7 May 1954, Giap carried the final assault on the remnants of French troops at Dien Bien Phu. Around 5.30 pm, Navarre requested ceasefire and was seeking to reconcile with the Viet Minh in order to stop the war. Despite the fact that Viet Minh had won

Einstein & God....does this sound like he believes in "God"? For all who said Einstein believed in God please read the following quotes, Einstein believed in higher power and higher knowledge....Albert Einstein Quotes on Philosophy of Religion, Theology, God The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should transcend personal God and avoid dogma and theology. Covering both the natural and the spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from the experience of all things natural and spiritual as a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description. If there is any religion that could cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism. (Albert Einstein) It was, of course, a lie what you read about my religious convictions, a lie which is being systematically repeated. I do not believe in a personal God and I have never denied this but have expressed it clearly. If something is in me which can be called religious then it is the unbounded admiration for the structure of the world so far as our science can reveal it. (Albert Einstein, 1954, The Human Side, edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffman, Princeton University Press) Scientific research is based on the idea that everything that takes place is determined by laws of nature, and therefore this holds for the action of people. For this reason, a research scientist will hardly be inclined to believe that events could be influenced by a prayer, i.e. by a wish addressed to a Supernatural Being. (Albert Einstein, 1936, The Human Side. Responding to a child who wrote and asked if scientists pray.) A man's ethical behaviour should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein, "Religion and Science", New York Times Magazine, 9 November 1930) I cannot conceive of a God who rewards and punishes his creatures, or has a will of the kind that we experience in ourselves. Neither can I nor would I want to conceive of an individual that survives his physical death; let feeble souls, from fear or absurd egoism, cherish such thoughts. I am satisfied with the mystery of the eternity of life and with the awareness and a glimpse of the marvelous structure of the existing world, together with the devoted striving to comprehend a portion, be it ever so tiny, of the Reason that manifests itself in nature. (Albert Einstein, The World as I See It) I cannot imagine a God who rewards and punishes the objects of his creation, whose purposes are modeled after our own -- a God, in short, who is but a reflection of human frailty. Neither can I believe that the individual survives the death of his body, although feeble souls harbor such thoughts through fear or ridiculous egotisms. (Albert Einstein, Obituary in New York Times, 19 April 1955) I believe in Spinoza's God who reveals himself in the orderly harmony of what exists, not in a God who concerns himself with the fates and actions of human beings. (Albert Einstein, responding to Rabbi Herbert Goldstein who had sent Einstein a cablegram bluntly demanding "Do you believe in God?" Quoted from Victor J. Stenger, Has Science Found God? 2001, chapter 3.) One strength of the Communist system ... is that it has some of the characteristics of a religion and inspires the emotions of a religion. (Albert Einstein, Out Of My Later Years, 1950) http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quot... I cannot conceive of a personal God who would directly influence the actions of individuals, or would directly sit in judgment on creatures of his own creation. I cannot do this in spite of the fact that mechanistic causality has, to a certain extent, been placed in doubt by modern science. [He was speaking of Quantum Mechanics and the breaking down of determinism.] My religiosity consists in a humble admiration of the infinitely superior spirit that reveals itself in the little that we, with our weak and transitory understanding, can comprehend of reality. Morality is of the highest importance -- but for us, not for God. (Albert Einstein,The Human Side, edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffman, Princeton University Press) If people are good only because they fear punishment, and hope for reward, then we are a sorry lot indeed. (Albert Einstein) The idea of a personal God is an anthropological concept which I am unable to take seriously. (Albert Einstein, Letter to Hoffman and Dukas, 1946) The foundation of morality should not be made dependent on myth nor tied to any authority lest doubt about the myth or about the legitimacy of the authority imperil the foundation of sound judgment and action. (Albert Einstein) I do not believe in immortality of the individual, and I consider ethics to be an exclusively human concern with no superhuman authority behind it. (Albert Einstein, The Human Side) I have repeatedly said that in my opinion the idea of a personal God is a childlike one, but I do not share the crusading spirit of the professional atheist whose fervor is mostly due to a painful act of liberation from the fetters of religious indoctrination received in youth. I prefer an attitude of humility corresponding to the weakness of our intellectual understanding of nature and of our own being. (Albert Einstein) What I see in Nature is a magnificent structure that we can comprehend only very imperfectly, and that must fill a thinking person with a feeling of "humility." This is a genuinely religious feeling that has nothing to do with mysticism. (Albert Einstein) The mystical trend of our time, which shows itself particularly in the rampant growth of the so-called Theosophy and Spiritualism, is for me no more than a symptom of weakness and confusion. Since our inner experiences consist of reproductions, and combinations of sensory impressions, the concept of a soul without a body seem to me to be empty and devoid of meaning. (Albert Einstein) http://www.mega.nu:8080/atheist_quotes_1... Introduction - Albert Einstein Philosophy of Religion / Theology Quotes - Science vs. Religion - Einstein on Jews & Anti-Semitism - Top of Page Albert Einstein Theology- A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. Albert Einstein on Science vs Religion Einstein observed that specialization is invariably damaging to Science as a whole; The area of scientific knowledge has been enormously extended, and theoretical knowledge has become vastly more profound in every department of science. But the assimilative power of the human intellect is and remains strictly limited. Hence it was inevitable that the activity of the individual investigator should be confined to a smaller and smaller section of human knowledge. Worse still, this specialization makes it increasingly difficult to keep even our general understanding of science as a whole, without which the true spirit of research is inevitably handicapped, in step with scientific progress. Every serious scientific worker is painfully conscious of this involuntary relegation to an ever-narrowing sphere of knowledge, which threatens to deprive the investigator of his broad horizon and degrades him to the level of a mechanic ... It is just as important to make knowledge live and to keep it alive as to solve specific problems. (Albert Einstein, 1954) Scientific research is based on the idea that everything that takes place is determined by laws of nature, and therefore this holds for the action of people. (Albert Einstein, 1954) The individual feels the futility of human desires and aims and the sublimity and marvelous order which reveal themselves both in nature and in the world of thought. Individual existence impresses him as a sort of prison and he wants to experience the universe as a single significant whole. The beginnings of cosmic religious feeling already appear at an early stage of development, e.g., in many of the Psalms of David and in some of the Prophets. Buddhism, as we have learned especially from the wonderful writings of Schopenhauer, contains a much stronger element of this. (Albert Einstein, 1930) The religion of the future will be a cosmic religion. It should transcend personal God and avoid dogma and theology. Covering both the natural and the spiritual, it should be based on a religious sense arising from the experience of all things natural and spiritual as a meaningful unity. Buddhism answers this description .. If there is any religion that could cope with modern scientific needs it would be Buddhism. (Albert Einstein) In my view, it is the most important function of art and science to awaken this religious feeling and keep it alive in those who are receptive to it. (Albert Einstein, 1930) Science has therefore been charged with undermining morality, but the charge is unjust. A man's ethical behaviour should be based effectually on sympathy, education, and social ties and needs; no religious basis is necessary. Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death. (Albert Einstein, 1930) There is nothing divine about morality; it is a purely human affair. (Albert Einstein, 1934) For the scientific method can teach us nothing else beyond how facts are related to, and conditioned by, each other. The aspiration toward such objective knowledge belongs to the highest of which man is capable, and you will certainly not suspect me of wishing to belittle the achievements and the heroic efforts of man in this sphere. Yet is equally clear that knowledge of what is does not open the door directly to what should be. One can have the clearest and most complete knowledge of what is , and yet not be able to deduct from that what should be the goal of our human aspirations. Objective knowledge provides us with powerful instruments for the achievements of certain ends, but the ultimate goal itself and the longing to reach it must come from another source. And it is hardly necessary to argue for the view that our existence and our activity acquire meaning only by the setting up of such a goal and of corresponding values. (Albert Einstein, 1939) To make clear these fundamental ends and valuations, and to set them fast in the emotional life of the individual, seems to me precisely the most important function which religion has to perform in the social life of man. And if one asks whence derives the authority of such fundamental ends, since they cannot be stated and justified merely by reason, one can only answer: they exist in a healthy society as powerful traditions, which act upon the conduct and aspirations and judgments of the individuals; they are there, that is, as something living, without its being necessary to find justification for their existence. (Albert Einstein, 1939) .. free and responsible development of the individual, so that he may place his powers freely and gladly in the service of all mankind. There is no room in this for the divinization of a nation, of a class, let alone of an individual. Are we not all children of one father, as it is said in religious language? (Albert Einstein, 1939) If one holds these high principles clearly before one's eyes, and compares them with the life and spirit of our times, then it appears glaringly that civilized mankind finds itself at present in grave danger. In the totalitarian states it is the rulers themselves who strive actually to destroy that spirit of humanity. In less threatened parts it is nationalism and intolerance, as well as the oppression of the individuals by economic means, which threaten to choke these most precious traditions. (Einstein, 1954. p43-4) But if the longing for the achievement of the goal is powerfully alive within us, then shall we not lack the strength to find the means for reaching the goal and for translating it into deeds. (Albert Einstein, 1939) For science can only ascertain what is, but not what should be, and outside of its domain value judgments of all kinds remain necessary. Religion, on the other hand, deals only with evaluations of human thought and action: it cannot justifiably speak of facts and relationships between facts. According to this interpretation the well-known conflicts between religion and science in the past must all be ascribed to a misapprehension of the situation which has been described. For example, a conflict arises when a religious community insists on the absolute truthfulness of all statements recorded in the Bible. This means an intervention on the part of religion into the sphere of science; this is where the struggle of the Church against doctrines of Galileo and Darwin belongs. On the other hand, representatives of science have often made an attempt to arrive at fundamental judgments with respect to values and ends on the basis of scientific method, and in this way have set themselves in opposition to religion. These conflicts have all sprung from fatal errors. (Albert Einstein, 1941) But science can only be created by those who are thoroughly imbued with the aspiration toward truth and understanding. This source of feeling, however, springs from the sphere of religion. To this there also belongs the faith in the possibility that the regulations valid for the world of existence are rational, that is, comprehensible to reason. I cannot conceive of a genuine scientist without that profound faith. The situation may be expressed by an image: science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. (Albert Einstein, 1941) Though I have asserted above that in truth a legitimate conflict between religion and science cannot exist, I must nevertheless qualify this assertion once again on an essential point, with reference to the actual content of historical religions. This qualification has to do with the concept of God. During the youthful period of mankind's spiritual evolution human fantasy created gods in man's own image, who, by the operations of their will were supposed to determine, or at any rate to influence, the phenomenal world. Man sought to alter the disposition of these gods in his own favour by means of magic and prayer. The idea of God in the religions taught at present is a sublimation of that old concept of the gods. Its anthropomorphic character is shown, for instance, by the fact that men appeal to the Divine Being in prayers and plead for the fulfillment of their wishes. Nobody, certainly, will deny that the idea of the existence of an omnipotent, just, and omni beneficent personal God is able to accord man solace, help, and guidance; also, by virtue of its simplicity it is accessible to the most undeveloped mind. But, on the other hand, there are decisive weaknesses attached to this idea in itself, which have been painfully felt since the beginning of history. (Albert Einstein, 1941) For a doctrine which is able to maintain itself not in clear light but only in the dark, will of necessity lose its effect on mankind, with incalculable harm to human progress. In their struggle for the ethical good, teachers of religion must have the stature to give up the doctrine of a personal God, that is, give up that source of fear and hope which in the past placed such vast power in the hands of priests. In their labours they will have to avail themselves of those forces which are capable of cultivating the Good, the True, and the Beautiful in humanity itself. This is, to be sure, a more difficult but an incomparably more worthy task. After religious teachers accomplish the refining process indicated they well surely recognise with joy that true religion has been ennobled and made more profound by scientific knowledge. If it is one of the goals of religion to liberate mankind as far as possible from the bondage of egocentric cravings, desires and fears, scientific reasoning can aid religion in yet another sense. Although it is true that it is the goal of science to discover rules which permit the association and foretelling of facts, this is not its only aim. It also seeks to reduce the connections discovered to the smallest possible number of mutually independent conceptual elements. (Albert Einstein, 1941) By way of the understanding he achieves a far-reaching emancipation from the shackles of personal hopes and desires, and thereby attains that humble attitude of mind toward the grandeur of reason incarnate in existence, and which, in its profoundest depths, is inaccessible to man. This attitude, however, appears to me to be religious, in the highest sense of the word. And so it seems to me that science not only purifies the religious impulse of the dross of its anthropomorphism but also contributes to a religious spiritualization of our understanding of life. The further the spiritual evolution of mankind advances, the more certain it seems to me that the path to genuine religiosity does not lie through the fear of life, and the fear of death, and blind faith, but through striving after rational knowledge. (Albert Einstein, 1941) Religion and Science: Irreconcilable? As to science, we may well define it for our purpose as "methodical thinking directed toward finding regulative connections between our sensual experiences". (Albert Einstein, 1948) While it is true that science, to the extent of its grasp of causative connections, may reach important conclusions as to the compatibility and incompatibility of goals and evaluations, the independent and fundamental definitions regarding goals and values remain beyond science's reach. (Albert Einstein, 1948) Religion is concerned with man's attitude towards nature at large, with the establishing of ideals for the individual and communal life, and with human mutual relationship. These ideals religion attempts to attain by exerting an educational influence on tradition and through the development and promulgation of certain easily accessible thoughts and narratives (epics and myths) which are apt to influence evaluation and action along the lines of accepted ideals. It is this mythical, or rather symbolic, content of the religious traditions which is likely to come into conflict with science. This occurs whenever this religious stock of ideas contains dogmatically fixed statements on subjects which belong in the domain of science. (Albert Einstein, 1948) For the moral attitudes of a people that is supported by religion need always aim at preserving and promoting the sanity and vitality of the community and its individuals, since otherwise this community is bound to perish. A people that were to honour falsehood, defamation, fraud, and murder would be unable, indeed, to subsist for very long. (Albert Einstein, 1948) When considering the actual living conditions of present day civilised humanity from the standpoint of even the most elementary religious commands, one is bound to experience a feeling of deep and painful disappointment at what one sees. For while religion prescribes brotherly love in the relations among the individuals and groups, the actual spectacle more resembles a battlefield than an orchestra. Everywhere, in economic as well as in political life, the guiding principle is one of ruthless striving for success at the expense of one's fellow men. This competitive spirit prevails even in the school and, destroying all feelings of human fraternity and cooperation, conceives of achievement not as derived from the love for productive and thoughtful work, but as springing from personal ambition and fear of rejection. There are pessimists who hold that such a state of affairs is necessarily inherent in human nature; it is those who propound such views that are the enemies of true religion, for they imply thereby that the religious teachings are utopian ideals and are unsuited to afford guidance in human affairs. (Albert Einstein, 1948) Introduction - Albert Einstein Philosophy of Religion / Theology Quotes - Science vs. Religion - Einstein on Jews & Anti-Semitism - Top of Page Albert Einstein Theology- A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. Albert Einstein on Jewish Religion Anti-Semitism and Academic Youth It is clear also that "serving God" was equated with "serving the living". The best of the Jewish people, especially the Prophets and Jesus, contended tirelessly for this. Judaism is thus no transcendental religion; it is concerned with life as we live it and as we can, to a certain extent, grasp it, and nothing else. It seems to me, therefore, doubtful whether it can be called a religion in the accepted sense of the word, particularly as no "faith" but the sanctification of life in a supra-personal sense is demanded of the Jew. But the Jewish tradition also contains something else, something which finds splendid expression in many of the Psalms, namely, a sort of intoxicated joy and amazement at the beauty and grandeur of this world, of which man can form just a faint notion. This joy is the feeling from which true scientific research draws its spiritual sustenance, but which also seems to find expression in the song of birds. To tack this feeling to the idea of God seems mere childish absurdity. (Albert Einstein, 1934) In this case, as in many mental disorders, the cure lies in a clear knowledge of one's condition and its causes. We must be conscious of our alien race and draw the logical conclusions from it. It is no use trying to convince the others of our spiritual and intellectual equality by arguments addressed to the reason, when the attitude of these others does not originate in their intellects at all. (Albert Einstein, 1934) Recommended reading: Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, Crown Trade Paperback 1954